§01 — Homeostasis Medicine

Restore thebalance.

Every living system fights, second by second, to hold a steady internal state. That effort is homeostasis — and at its centre sits a single transporter protein: Sialin.

scroll
FIG.00 — α-helix · Sialin transporter
NO µMt →
Fig. 01 — salivary nitrate → nitrite → NO · equilibrium maintained
pH 7.4 · 37.0 °C · NO 1.2 µM · state: balanced

§02 — The Idea

A new lens on medicine: don't fight the body — restore its equilibrium.

Homeostasis is the self-regulating process by which a living system stays stable while continuously adapting to a changing environment — the basis of survival.

Conventional care often suppresses a symptom. Homeostasis Medicine asks a different question — what pulled the system out of balance, and how do we help it return?

The answer the lab kept arriving at was a pathway hiding in plain sight: salivary nitrate, converted to nitrite and then to nitric oxide, governed by a transporter named Sialin.

Audio overview — the idea, in brief
0:00 / 0:00
NO3NO2NO

Fig. 02Sialin drives the positive-feedback loop that sustains nitric-oxide homeostasis across multiple systems.

§03 — The Regulator

Sialin — the body's nitrate transporter.

Sialin (gene SLC17A5) sits in the membranes of cells and their organelles. For years it read as a simple channel. This work reframed it as something larger: a master regulator that feeds the nitrate → nitrite → nitric-oxide pathway, sustaining NO when the body's usual machinery falters — in aging, hypoxia, and disease.

As the plasma-membrane nitrate transporter, Sialin forms a positive-feedback loop with nitrate that raises utilisation efficiency. Through the nitrate–nitrite–NO route it compensates for impaired NOS function, helping protect digestive, cardiovascular and neural systems. [1]
Mechanism: sodium nitrate raises Sialin, driving a Rel–cathepsin L–Nrf2 axis that rebalances macrophages from a pro-inflammatory (CD11C+) to an anti-inflammatory (CD206+) state.

Fig. 03bDownstream of Sialin: macrophage M2↑ / M1↓ rebalance · Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2025

extracellularcytosolSialinNO3

Fig. 03Sialin transports nitrate across the membrane

§04 — The Key

Sialintide — the molecule that switches Sialin on.

If Sialin is the lock, Sialintide is the key. It is an engineered peptide that activates the Sialin channel — across the cell membrane and inside mitochondria and the Golgi — nudging the system back toward balance. It was built by fusing two decades of Sialin biology with AI-driven molecular design.

By activating Sialin, Sialintide improves mitochondrial metabolism to promote dentin regeneration, and rebalances immunity to ease systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction.

Fig. 04Sialintide activates Sialin

§05 — The Proof

Twenty-two years, one throughline.

This is not a single paper. It is a continuous research program — from the first observations in 2003, to the landmark 2012 PNAS identification of Sialin, through a chain of work in the Journal of Dental Research, Bone Research, and Nature Communications.

0 yrs
Continuous research
0 PNAS
Sialin discovery
0
Related patents
 JDR
Papers in the field's #1 journal

Research timeline

2003
The parotid gland is identified as a key organ for nitrate transport — the first thread of the story.
Xia D. et al. J Dent Res, 2003
2012
Sialin (SLC17A5) is identified as the energy-dependent nitrate transporter of the mammalian cell membrane. Lundberg's commentary runs in the same issue.
Qin L. et al. PNAS, 2012
2013
Salivary glands are shown to actively secrete nitrate to protect the gut under stress, with no carcinogenic evidence for nitrate/nitrite.
Jin L. et al. Free Radic Biol Med, 2013
2015
Long-term, high-dose nitrate animal studies establish long-term safety.
Xia D. et al. Int J Clin Exp Pathol, 2015
2018–2022
Foundational applications broaden: liver aging, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, chemo-sensitisation, ischemia-reperfusion, radiation salivary protection, and osteoporosis.
multiple journals
2023
A 'sentinel enzyme' breakthrough yields the next-generation peptide molecule — Sialintide. 'Homeostasis Medicine' is formally proposed.
Pan W. et al. Sci Bull, 2023
2024
The English monograph 'Nitrate and Body Homeostasis' begins with Springer; homeostasis-medicine symposia convene in Beijing and Shenzhen.
2025–2026
Translation lands: a dedicated life-science company is founded to industrialise the technology, alongside new Sialin papers in JDR and Bone Research.
J Dent Res 2026 · Bone Research 2026

Selected publications

PNAS2012
Sialin (SLC17A5) functions as a nitrate transporter in the plasma membrane
Legacy general top journal · the source of the Sialin name · PMID 22847442
J Dent Res2026
Salivary Nitrate Maintains Mucosal Homeostasis via the Sialin–Neuropeptide Axis
Field's #1 journal · 'regulate, don't kill' evidence · PMID 40977421
Bone Research2026
Sialin-STAT3 axis regulates bone homeostasis in mice
Nature-partner journal · Sialin pathway
Signal Transduct Target Ther2025
Sodium nitrate protects against metabolic syndrome by sialin-mediated macrophage rebalance
Immune–metabolic homeostasis
Redox Biology2025
Nitrate maintains mitochondrial membrane integrity via Sialin-FKBP8 granules
Mitochondrial homeostasis
Science Bulletin2025
Nitrate ameliorates myelin loss and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease
Neural homeostasis
J Dent Res2016
From Nitrate to Nitric Oxide: the Role of Salivary Glands and Oral Bacteria
Foundational review · PMID 27680027
J Dent Res2003
Destruction of parotid glands affects nitrate and nitrite metabolism
Where the 20-year program began · PMID 12598556
Free Radic Biol Med2013
Active secretion and protective effect of salivary nitrate against stress
Gastric protection
Nature Communications2026
Spatiotemporal interplay drives human dentinogenesis
Dentin formation mechanism

From the Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and the team of Academician Wang Songling — originator of Homeostasis Medicine and discoverer of the Sialin nitrate transporter.

§06 — What Balance Unlocks

One regulator. Many systems.

Because homeostasis is shared machinery, restoring it ripples outward. The same Sialin–nitrate–NO axis appears across the body — explored in peer-reviewed studies spanning oral, neural, cardiovascular, immune-metabolic, skeletal and digestive health.

Select a system to read the evidence

The body, in balance

Hover or focus a marker to see how restoring Sialin activity supports each system.

§07 — From research to application

The first place this science went.

One early application of Sialintide is an oral-care rinse that pairs it with a recombinant enamel-matrix protein — to calm, and to rebuild — moving beyond physical plugging toward regulation and tissue regeneration.

The problem is hydraulic, not just neural

When enamel wears or the gum line recedes, microscopic dentinal tubules open — widening from roughly 4 µm toward 8 µm. Fluid flow through them rises about sixteen-fold, and it is that movement, not the nerve itself, that fires the sharp pain of sensitivity. So the lasting answer isn't numbing the nerve — it's the tubule.

Fig. 05dentinal tubules open as enamel wears or the gum line recedes

Regulate, then rebuild

Sialintide activates Sialin to help restore oral homeostasis — rebalancing the microbiome, immune tone and metabolism without killing bacteria. A recombinant enamel-matrix protein then encourages reparative dentin and helps seal the open tubules — a structural repair rather than a temporary plug.

Fig. 06reparative dentin seals the open tubules — structural repair, not a plug

Treats the symptom
Sialintide

Calms the nerve and stabilises the tissue — fast relief.

Treats the cause
Recombinant EMP

Activates pulp stem cells to regenerate dentin and seal the tubules.

Don't just plug the tubules — restore homeostasis.

Sialinbalance is a research-communication platform.